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The primary author of this profile was Nina Evason, originally published in 2019.

• Afghan Public Health Institute, Central Statistics Organization, ICF Macro, Indian Institute of Health Management Research, & Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. (2011). Afghanistan Mortality Survey 2010. APHI/MoPH, CSO, ICF Macro, IIHMR and WHO/EMRO.
• Afghanistan Online. (2018, February 25). Afghanistan Culture. Afghanistan Online.
• Akseer, T., Rieger, J., Haidary, M. S., Maxwell-Jones, C., Sadat, S. M., Veenstra, K., & Yousufzai, F. A. (2018). A survey of the Afghan People—Afghanistan 2018 [Report]. The Asia Foundation.
• Allchin, F. R., Dupree, N., Dupree, L., Petrov, V., & Weinbaum, M. (2016). Afghanistan—Daily life and social customs. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021a). 4-digit level ANCP Ancestry Multi Response by Australia (UR) (2021 Census of Population and Housing) [Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021b). People in Australia who were born in Afghanistan [Data set]. 2021 Census Country of Birth QuickStats.
• Blood, P. R. (2001). Afghanistan: A Country Study. In Country Studies/Area Handbook Series. Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress.
• Central Intelligence Agency. (2024, August 13). Afghanistan. The World Factbook.
• Commisceo Global Consulting. (2016). Afghanistan—Culture, Etiquette and Business Practices.
• Culture Crossing. (2014). Afghanistan. Culture Crossing Guide.
• Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2022). DFAT Thematic Report on Political and Security Developments in Afghanistan (August 2021 to January 2022). Australian Government.
• Department of Home Affairs. (2024). Afghanistan-born Community Information Summary (Census of Population and Housing 2021, Country Data Summary). Commonwealth of Australia.
• eCALD Services. (2015). Afghan Culture (eCALD Cross-Cultural Resources). Waitematā District Health Board.
• Ghilzai, S. (2014, February 12). Afghan People. Afghanistan Online.
• Harrington, M. (2022, November 7). Afghanistan Literature—Famous Poets. Afghanistans.
• Hasan, S. (2023). Issue Update: Religious Freedom and Women’s Rights in Afghanistan [Report]. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.
• Karimi, M. D. (2016). Afghan Community Health and Wellbeing Needs Assessment [Report]. Link Health and Community.
• Lamer, W., & Foster, E. (2011). Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation [Thematic report]. Civil-Military Fusion Centre.
• Law Library of Congress. (2004). Afghanistan: Country Study.
• Maley, W. (2021, October 14). Why Hazaras are in danger in Afghanistan: Expert opinion. Refugee Council of Australia.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002a). Amiaq of Afghanistan.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002b). Baluch in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002c). Farsiwan in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002d). Hazara in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002e). Nuristanis in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002f). Pashtuns in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002g). Tajiks in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002h). The Kyrgyz of Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002i). Turkmen in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2002j). Uzbeks in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Cultural Intelligence Reports for Military Operations). Center for Public Integrity.
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. (2008). Cultural Islam in Afghanistan. Center for Public Integrity.
• Megerdoomian, K. (2009). The Structure of Afghan Names [Report]. The MITRE Corporation.
• Merrill, L., Paxson, D., & Tobey, T. (2006). An Introduction to Afghanistan Culture [Information sheet].
• Minority Rights Group. (2021, December). Afghanistan. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
• Mohammad, N. (2021). Factsheet: Afghanistan. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.
• Mohammad, N. (2022). Country Update: Religious Freedom in Afghanistan [Report]. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.
• Museums Victoria. (2017). Immigration History from Afghanistan to Victoria. Origins.
• Naqibullah, S. (2012, November 26). Afghan Calendar and Months of the Year in Dari. Dari Language Blog.
• Office of International Religious Freedom. (2023). 2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Afghanistan [Report]. United States Department of State.
• Petrov, V. P., Ali, M., Dupree, L., Weinbaum, M. G., Dupree, N. H., & Allchin, F. R. (2024, August 15). Afghanistan: Daily life and social customs. Encyclopedia Britannica.
• ProQuest. (2017). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. ProQuest & Brigham Young University.
• Seerat, R. A. (2017, August 9). Sectarian War Is Looming Over Afghanistan. The Diplomat.
• Social and Community Strategy Unit, Southern Metropolitan Region. (2010). Understanding the client experience: Refugees settling into the Australian culture. Victorian Government Department of Human Services.
• South Eastern Region Migrant Resource Centre. (2009). Afghan people in south east Melbourne: Perspectives of a migrant and refugee community.
• TRADOC Culture Center. (2011). Afghanistan Smart Book (3rd ed.). United States Army.
• Transparency International. (2024). Corruption Perceptions Index 2023.
• United Nations Population Fund. (2024). Afghanistan [Data set]. World Population Dashboard.
• Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. (2023, May). Afghan Refugees. The Costs of War.