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The primary author of this profile was Nina Evason (2016), with successive research and edits were made in 2021. The Religion section was authored by Chara Scroope (2019).


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  • Ajrouch, K. J. (2016). Gender, , and Symbolic Boundaries: Contested Spaces of Identity among Arab American Adolescents.Sociological Perspectives, 47(4): 371-391.
  • Allen, W. B. and McGuire, S. F. (2020). Liberty and American National Character: A Symposium. Perspectives on PoliticalScience, 49(4): 230-232. Retrieved from
  • Amadeo, K. (2020). Largest Economies in the World. Retrieved from
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  • Batalova, J. & Zong, J. (2016). Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States. Retrieved from
  • Berman, J. (2015). Millennial Women Are More Educated Than Men, But Are Still Paid Less. Retrieved from
  • Berry, D. (2017). American slavery: Separating fact from myth. Retrieved from
  • Bowman, C. D. (2012). Culture of American Families: A National Survey. Charlottesville (USA): Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture. Retrieved from
  • Bowman, K. (2019). The American Family Today. Retrieved from
  • Brenan, M. (2020). U.S. National Pride Falls to Record Low. Retrieved from
  • Budiman, A. & Ruiz, N. G. (2021a). Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial or ethnic group in the U.S. Retrieved from
  • Budiman, A. & Ruiz, N. G. (2021b). Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population. Retrieved from
  • Byron, E. (2019). How the Definition of an American Family Has Changed. Retrieved from
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  • Chalfant, E. (2018). in America. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Retrieved from
  • Chetty, R., Grusky, D., Hell, M., Hendren, N., Manduca, R., & Narang, J. (2017). The fading American dream: Trends in absolute income mobility since 1940. Science, 356(6336): 398-406.
  • Cox, D., & Jones, R. P. (2016). America’s Changing Religious Identity. Washington: Public Religion Research Institute. Retrieved from
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  • Doane, M. (2001). United States of America. In M. Ember & C. R. Ember (Eds.), Countries and Their Cultures: Saint Kitts and Nevis to Zimbabwe (Vol. 4, pp. 2342–2361). Macmillan Reference USA; Advameg.
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  • eduPASS. (2016). Social Customs and Cultural Differences. Retrieved from
  • Edwards, J. A. (2018). Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World.Communication Quarterly, 66(2): 176-195.
  • Emmons, W., Kent, A. H., & Ricketts, L. R. (2018). The Demographics of Wealth 2018 Series. Center for Household Financial Stability, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved from
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  • Fitzgerald, S. (2015). Gallup: 9 in 10 Americans ‘Proud’ of Their Country. Retrieved from
  • Foner, E. (2018). The Idea of Freedom in American History. New York: NY: Columbia University. Retrieved from
  • Foreman, J. (2006). The Pocket Book of Patriotism. New York: Sterling Publishing.
  • Frances McClelland Institute. (n.d.). Cultural Differences in Parenting Practices: What Asian American Families Can Teach Us. Retrieved from
  • Freese, P. (2008). American National Identity in a Globalized World as a Topic in the Advanced EFL-Classroom.American Studies Journal, 51. Retrieved from
  • Fry, R. (2019). The number of people in the average U.S. household is going up for the first time in over 160 years. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from
  • Gleason, P. (1980). American Identity and Americanization. In S. Thernstrom (ed.), Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Cambridge, Mass and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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  • Graham, C. (2017). Is the American dream really dead? Retrieved from
  • Guzzo, K. B. (2014). Trends in Cohabitation Outcomes: Compositional Changes and Engagement Among Never‐Married Young Adults. Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(4): 826-842. Retrieved from
  • Hatemi, P., Plutzer, E. and Berkman, M. (2019). There are many ways to be patriotic. The McCourtney Institute for . Retrieved from
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  • Hertzke, A. D., Olson, L. R., den Dulk, K. R., & Fowler, R. B. (2019). Religion and Politics in America: Faith, Culture, and Strategic Choices. New York: Routledge.
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  • Hladky, K. (2010). Islam in North America. In C. H. Lippy & P. W. Williams (eds.), Encyclopedia of Religion in America. Washington: CQ Press.
  • Hofstede, G. (2016). United States. Retrieved from
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  • Ipsos Public Affairs. (2016). Yoga in America Study. Retrieved from
  • IWPR. (2013). Figure 4.3. Educational Attainment Among Women by and , Aged 25 and Older, United States, 2013. Retrieved from
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  • Jaynes, G. D. (2018). A Behavioural Interpretation of the Origins of African American Family Structure. Yale University: New Haven Connecticut. Retrieved from
  • Jocks, C., & Sullivan, L. E. (2007). Native American Religions. Retrieved from
  • Keating, J. (2010). Are Americans too Constitution obsessed?. Retrieved from
  • Kershaw, M. (2018). How National Identity Influences US Foreign Policy. Retrieved from
  • Kirsch, A. (2019). American Patriotism Is Worth Fighting For. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
  • Knop, B. (2020). One in Six Children Live With a Half Sibling Under 18. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from
  • Korelitz, S. (1997). The Menorah Idea: From Religion to Culture, From to .American Jewish History, 85(1): 75-100.
  • Kramer, S. (2019). U.S. has world’s highest rate of children living in single-parent households. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from
  • Krogstad, J. M. (2014). 5 facts about the modern American family. Retrieved from
  • Kumar. (2010). Etiquette in US – How People Greet, Gestures, Thank you, Sorry?. Retrieved from
  • Levitz, E. (2019). American Exceptionalism Is a Dangerous Myth. Retrieved from
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  • Lucia, A. (2017). Hinduism in America. Oxford Research Encyclopedias. Retrieved from
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  • Marsden, P., Reed, J., Kennedy, M., & Stinson, K. (1982). American Regional Cultures and Differences in Leisure Time Activities.Social Forces, 60(4): 1023-1049. Retrieved from
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  • Miller, C. C. (2018). Americans Value Equality at Work More Than Equality at Home. Retrieved from
  • Miller, C. C. (2020). Young Men Embrace Gender Equality, but They Still Don’t Vacuum. Retrieved from
  • Morales, X. (2020). Patriots may be Dying, but Patriotism is Still Alive. Harvard Political Review. Retrieved from
  • Museum Victoria Australia. (n.d.). History of immigration from United States. Retrieved from
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2012). Overweight and Obesity Statistics. Retrieved from
  • Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2011). The Puzzle of Secularization in the United States and Western Europe. In Sacred and : Religion and Politics Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nye, J. S. (2020). American exceptionalism in the age of Trump. Retrieved from
  • Parker, K., Graf, N. & Igielnik, R. (2019). Generation Z Looks a Lot Like Millennials on Key Social and Political Issues. Retrieved from
  • Pauls, E. (2018). Native American history. Retrieved from
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  • Perkins, K. M., Kurtis, T. and Velazquez, L. (2020). What it means to be “one of us”: Discourses of national identity in the United States. International Journal of Relations, 78:43-52.
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  • Pew Research Center. (2015a). Parenting in America: Outlook, worries, aspirations are strongly linked to financial situation. Retrieved from
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  • Pew Research Center. (2017a). The Partisan Divide on Political Values Grows Even Wider. Retrieved from
  • Pew Research Center. (2017b). U.S. Muslims Concerned About Their Place in Society, but Continue to Believe in the American Dream. Retrieved from
  • Picchi, A. (2019, September 26). America’s white working class is the smallest it’s ever been. CBS News. Retrieved from
  • Poirier, L. J. M. (2010). Native American Religions. In C. H. Lippy & P. W. Williams (eds.), Encyclopedia of Religion in America. Washington: CQ Press.
  • Prince, Z. (2016). Census BureauL Higher percentage of Black Children Live with Single Mothers. Retrieved from
  • Proquest. (2017). Culture Gram: United States of America. Ѿ󾱲:ʰDzϳܱ.
  • Ramey, S. (2010). Hinduism in North America. In C. H. Lippy & P. W. Williams (eds.), Encyclopedia of Religion in America. Washington: CQ Press.
  • Rosenwaike, I. (2013). Leading Surnames Among American Jews. A Journal of Onomastics, 38(1-2): 31-38.
  • Sedensky, Ma. (2017). AP-NORC Poll: Political Divide over American Identity. U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved from
  • Shapiro, E. S. (2010). Judaism: Jewish Identity. In C. H. Lippy & P. W. Williams (eds.), Encyclopedia of Religion in America. Washington: CQ Press.
  • Silver, C. (2020). The Top 25 World Economies. Retrieved from
  • Smith, S. (2017). Most think the ‘American dream’ is within reach for them. Retrieved from
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  • Stone, L. (2015). Headed to the Land Down Under. Retrieved from
  • Swales, V. (2019, December 15). When the O.K. Sign Is No Longer O.K. The New York Times.
  • Swift, A. (2015). Smaller Majority “Extremely Proud” to Be an American. Retrieved from
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  • Thorsett, L. & Kiley, J. (2017). Most Americans say the U.S. is among the greatest countries in the world. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from
  • Todd, M. (2013). The Traditional American Family Has Been Outsourced. Retrieved from
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  • United States Census Bureau. (2019a). About Hispanic Origin. Retrieved from
  • United States Census Bureau. (2019b). American Community Survey Demographic and Housing Estimates. Retrieved from
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  • Urofsky, M. I. (2021). Jim Crow law. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from
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  • Walt, S. M. (2011). The Myth of American Exceptionalism. Foreign Policy. Retrieved from
  • Wang, W. (2014). Record share of wives are more educated than their husbands. Retrieved from
  • Weaver, G. R. (2001). American Cultural Values. Retrieved from
  • Widmer, M. A. and Erickson, B. M. (2017). Understanding American Identity: An Introduction. Master’s Thesis: Naval Postgraduate School. Retrieved from
  • Wilson, J. (2010). Buddhism in North America. In C. H. Lippy & P. W. Williams (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Religion in America. Washington: CQ Press.
  • Word, D. L., Coleman, C. D., Nunziata, R. and Kominski, R. (2003). Demographic Aspects of Surnames from Census 2000. Retrieved from
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