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Filipino Culture

References

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All research and editorial content is developed and curated by ÐßÐßÊÓÆµ. Read about our process.

The primary author of this profile was Chara Scroope (2017), with the Naming section authored by Nina Evason (2021).


  • Acosta, P. (2013, July 1). No Philippine law obligates married woman to drop her maiden name. The Manila Times.
  • Alampay, L. P., & Jocson, M. R. M. (2011). Attributions and Attitudes of Mothers and Fathers in the Philippines. Parenting, 11(2–3), 163–176.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021a). 4-digit level ANCP Ancestry Multi Response by Australia (UR) (2021 Census of Population and Housing) [Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021b). People in Australia who were born in the Philippines [Data set]. 2021 Census Country of Birth QuickStats.
  • Baringer, S. E. (2001). The Philippines. In M. Ember & C. R. Ember (Eds.), Countries and Their Cultures: Laos to Rwanda (Vol. 3, pp. 1768–1783). Macmillan Reference USA; Advameg.
  • Bonifacio, G. T. (2018). Religion and gender equality in Catholic Philippines: Discourses and practices in the 21st century. In E. Ruspini & G. T. Bonifacio (Eds.), Women and Religion: Contemporary and Future Challenges in the Global Era (pp. 41–58). Bristol University Press.
  • Borlaza, G., Hernandez, C., & Cullinane, M. (2016). Philippines. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
  • Central Intelligence Agency. (2024). Philippines. The World Factbook.
  • Commisceo Global Consulting. (2016). Guide to Filipino Culture, Etiquette and Business Practices. COMMISCEO Global.
  • Culture Factor Group. (2023). Country comparison tool: Philippines.
  • Department of Home Affairs. (2018). Philippines-born: Community Information Summary. Commonwealth of Australia.
  • Dolan, R. E. (1993). Philippines: A Country Study (4th ed). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
  • Dresser, N. (1996). Multicultural Manners: New Rules of Etiquette for a Changing Society. J. Wiley & Sons.
  • Elicay, K. (2018, December 11). 20 Most Popular Baby Names in the Philippines.
  • Fennig, C., Simons, G., & Eberhard, D. (2017). Philippines. Ethnologue: Languages of the World.
  • Gallo-Crail, R., & Hawkins, M. (2012). Filipino tapestry: Tagalog language through culture (1st ed). University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Jamieson, J. (n.d.). Customs, Greetings and Etiquette—Getting it right in the Philippines. Work the World.
  • Khalidi, S., McIlroy, F., & Neumayer, H. (2012). The Cultural Dictionary and Directory (3rd ed.). Migrant and Refugee Settlement Services of the ACT Inc.
  • Lasquety-Reyes, J. (2016). In Defense of Hiya as a Filipino Virtue. Asian Philosophy, 26(1), 66–78.
  • Lewis, R. D. (2006). When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures (3rd ed.). Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
  • Lledo Gomez, C., Brazal, A. M., & Ibita, M. M. S. (Eds.). (2024). 500 Years of Christianity and the Global Filipino/a: Postcolonial Perspectives (1st ed.). Springer Nature Switzerland.
  • Martin, R., & Santos, A. (2015, July 2). Getting Divorced In The Philippines Where It’s Against The Law [Audio recording].
  • McGeown, K. (2011). Playful Filipino names hard to get used to. BBC.
  • Migrant Information Centre (Eastern Melbourne). (2021). Filipino Cultural Profile [Fact sheet].
  • Miller, J. (2017). Religion in the Philippines. Asia Society.
  • Museums Victoria. (2017). Immigration History from the Philippines to Victoria. Museums Victoria.
  • Nadeau, K. (2008). History of the Philippines (1st ed.). ABC-CLIO, LLC.
  • Philippine Commission on Women. (n.d.). Use of maiden name. Republic of the Philippines: Philippine Commission on Women.
  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2020). Most Common Names 2018, 2019 and 2020 (Data Set Vital Statistics Report — Birth Statistics).
  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2022). Household Population, Number of Households, and Average Household Size of the Philippines (Press Release 2022–111; 2020 Census of Population and Housing). Philippine Statistics Authority.
  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2023a). Ethnicity in the Philippines (Press Release 2023–77; 2020 Census of Population and Housing). Philippine Statistics Authority.
  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2023b). Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (Press Release 2023–70; 2020 Census of Population and Housing). Philippine Statistics Authority.
  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2023c). Tagalog is the Most Widely Spoken Language at Home (Press Release 2023–42; 2020 Census of Population and Housing). Philippine Statistics Authority.
  • Pineda, J. M. (2014). Filipino Names: A Reflection of Culture and History [Honours thesis, University of Washington].
  • ProQuest. (2017). Republic of the Philippines. ProQuest & Brigham Young University.
  • Rey, M. V. (2020, April 2). Common Last Names – Spanish PH Last Names With De, Dela, Del.
  • Reyes, J. (2015). Loób and Kapwa: An Introduction to a Filipino Virtue Ethics. Asian Philosophy, 25(2), 148–171.
  • Roces, A., & Roses, G. (2013). CultureShock! Philippines: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.
  • Root, M. P. P. (Ed.). (1997). Filipino Americans: Transformation and Identity (1st ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Soriano, G. (1995). Families and cultural diversity in Australia—Filipino families in Australia (R. Hartley, Ed.). Australian Institute of Family Studies.
  • Tagalog Lang. (n.d.). Filipino? Tagalog? Pilipino?
  • Tagalog Lang. (2020). Top 20 Family Names in the Philippines.
  • The Philippine Embassy of Canberra. (2013, July 2). Regulations on Change of Name for Married Filipino Women for the Purpose of Passport Application.
  • Thompson, M., & Batalla, E. V. (Eds.). (2018). Routledge Handbook of the Contemporary Philippines (1st ed., Vol. 1). Routledge.
  • Transparency International. (2024). Corruption Perceptions Index 2023.

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