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Palestinian Culture

References

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The primary author of this profile was Nina Evason, originally published in 2020.


  • Abu Rabia, R. (2011). Redefining Polygamy Among the Palestinian Bedouins in Israel: Colonialism, Patriarchy, and Resistance. American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, 19(2), 460–493.
  • Abudabbeh, N. (2005). Palestinian Families. In M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, & N. Garcia-Preto (Eds.), Ethnicity and Family Therapy (3rd ed., pp. 487–498). Guilford Press.
  • Al Jazeera. (2017, May 23). The Nakba did not start or end in 1948. Al Jazeera.
  • Al Jazeera and News Agencies. (2019, July 31). Israel approves 6,000 new homes for Israeli settlers in West Bank. Al Jazeera.
  • Alijla, A. (2013). Politics Of Tribe And Kinship: Political Parties And Informal Institutions In Palestine. ISPI.
  • Amnesty International. (2019a). Chapter 3: Israeli Settlements and International Law (Report MDE 15/9490/2019; Destination: Occupation (Digital Tourism and Israel’s Illegal Settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories). Amnesty International.
  • Amnesty International. (2019b). Digital Tourism and Israel’s illegal settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (Report MDE 15/9490/2019; Destination: Occupation). Amnesty International.
  • Associated Press. (2020, January 28). West Bank settlements report rapid growth in 2019. The Times of Israel.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). People in Australia who were born in Gaza Strip and West Bank [Data set]. 2016 Census Country of Birth QuickStats.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021a). 4-digit level ANCP Ancestry Multi Response by 4-digit level BPLP Country of Birth of Person [2021 Census - cultural diversity; Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021b). 4-digit level BPLP Country of Birth of Person by SEXP Sex [2021 Census - cultural diversity; Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021c). CITP Australian Citizenship by 4-digit level BPLP Country of Birth of Person [2021 Census - cultural diversity; Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021d). ENGLP Proficiency in Spoken English by 4-digit level BPLP Country of Birth of Person [2021 Census - cultural diversity; Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021e). LANP Language Used at Home by 4-digit level BPLP Country of Birth of Person [2021 Census - cultural diversity; Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021f). RELP Religious Affiliation by 4-digit level BPLP Country of Birth of Person [2021 Census - cultural diversity; Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021g). YARRP Year of Arrival in Australia (ranges) by 4-digit level BPLP Country of Birth of Person [2021 Census - cultural diversity; Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
  • Australian National Security. (2024, September 22). Hamas. Australian Government.
  • Balousha, H. (2020). The U.N. once predicted Gaza would be ‘uninhabitable’ by 2020. Two million people still live there. The Wasington Post.
  • BBC. (2019). Israel and the Palestinians: Can settlement issue be solved? BBC.
  • BBC Editors. (2015). Gaza conflict 2014: “War crimes by both sides.” BBC News.
  • Beauchamp, Z. (2018a). What are settlements, and why are they such a big deal? Vox.
  • Beauchamp, Z. (2018b). What is the West Bank? Vox.
  • Beauchamp, Z. (2018c). What is Zionism? Vox.
  • B’TSELEM. (2017a). West Bank roads on which Israel forbids Palestinian vehicles. B’TSELEM.
  • B’TSELEM. (2017b, November 11). Settlements. B’TSELEM.
  • Central Intelligence Agency. (2024a, October 23). West Bank. The World Factbook.
  • Central Intelligence Agency. (2024b, November 1). Gaza Strip. The World Factbook.
  • Central Intelligence Agency. (2026a). Gaza Strip. In The World Factbook.
  • Central Intelligence Agency. (2026b). West Bank. In The World Factbook.
  • Chelala, C. (2015, November 3). Palestinian Olive Trees: Destroying a Symbol of Life. CounterPunch.
  • Debre, I. (2018, November 14). Gaza timeline: Main events in years of Israel-Hamas clashes. AP News.
  • Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2017). DFAT Thematic Report: Palestinian Territories [Archived Report]. Australian Government.
  • Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2019). Occupied Palestinian Territories. Australian Government.
  • Department of Home Affairs (with Australian Bureau of Statistics). (2018). Gaza Strip and West Bank-born: Community Information Summary (Census of Population and Housing 2016, Country Data Summary). Commonwealth of Australia.
  • DW News. (2015, September 25). Borderlines: The West Bank’s gridlocked situation [Video recording].
  • Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). (2015). Social and Economic Situation of Palestinian Women and Girls (July 2012 – June 2014) [Report]. United Nations.
  • Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). (2019). Social and Economic Situation of Palestinian Women and Girls (July 2016 – June 2018) [Report]. United Nations.
  • Ellis, D. G., & Maoz, I. (2002). Cross-cultural argument interactions between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30(3), 181–194.
  • Embassy of the State of Palestine. (2019). Palestinian Community. The General Delegation of Palestine to Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific.
  • Flicker, S. M., Ayoub, H. J. S., & Guynn, M. J. (2019). Emotional display rules in Palestine: Ingroup/outgroup membership, status of interaction partner and gender. International Journal of Psychology, 54(1), 33–41.
  • Foley, G., & Henty, S. (2020). Black-Palestinian Solidarity Conference: Contesting Settler Nationalisms. Radical Philosophy, (207), 126–129.
  • Foundation for Middle East Peace. (2019). Settlement Report: October 11, 2019 [Report]. FEMP.
  • FRANCE 24. (2015, February 20). Building in the West Bank [Video]. Reporters.
  • Gabiam, N. (2018). Mapping Palestinian Identity in the Diaspora: Affective Attachments and Political Spaces. South Atlantic Quarterly, 117(1), 65–90.
  • Hareuveni, E., & Stein, Y. (2010). By Hook & By Crook: Israeli Settlement Policy In The West Bank. B’Tselem.
  • Harn, J. (2017). 11 Common Gestures People Use in Arab Countries. Culture Trip.
  • Harris, J., & Fisher, M. (2016, January 21). The Israel-Palestine conflict: A brief, simple history [Video]. Vox.
  • Hary, T. (2020, January 2). The UN Predicted Gaza Would be “Unliveable” by 2020. Israel’s Deliberate Plan to “Destroy Life” in Palestine? Global Research.
  • Holmes, O., & Balousha, H. (2019, March 12). Gaza’s generation blockade: Young lives in the ‘world’s largest prison.’ The Guardian.
  • Hovring, R. (2018, April 26). Gaza: The world’s largest open-air prison. Norwegian Refugee Council.
  • Hughes, S. N.-S. (2017). Suburban Occupation: Contradictory Impulses and Outcomes of Life in Israeli Settlements in the Occupied West Bank [Doctoral thesis, University of California]. UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations.
  • Human Rights Council. (2015). Report of the detailed findings of the independent commission of inquiry established pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-21/1. Human Rights Council.
  • IMEU. (2006, June 26). Palestinian Social Customs and Traditions. Institute for Middle East Understanding.
  • Immigration Museum. (2009). Handing on the Key: Palestinians in Australia. Immigration Museum.
  • Independent Advisory Group on Country Information. (2018). Country Policy and Information Note Occupied Palestinian Territories: Background information, including actors of protection, and internal relocation [Report]. UK Home Office. (State of Palestine).
  • Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. (2024, August 27). Palestine, State of. IDMC.
  • IRIN News. (2010, January 16). Palestine refugees: Locations and numbers. The New Humanitarian.
  • Jewish Virtual Library. (2016). Reports on Religious Freedom: Occupied Palestinian Territories.
  • J.N. Weishut, D. (2023). Intercultural Friendship: The Case of a Palestinian Bedouin and a Dutch Israeli Jew. Brill.
  • Kasper-Claridge, M. (2019, September 20). Young Palestinian entrepreneurs: Business without borders. DW News.
  • Kazak, A. (2001). Palestinians. In J. Jupp, The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and Their Origins (pp. 616–617). Cambridge University Press.
  • Khalidi, R. (2018). Nation and Class: Generations of Palestinian Liberation. Rethinking Marxism, 30(3), 368–392.
  • Khalidi, W. A., Brice, W. C., Albright, W. F., Kenyon, K. M., Faris, N. A., & Fraser, P. M. (2020). Palestine. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
  • Khoury, J. (2019, August 20). Israel Won’t Allow Palestine Cup Soccer Game, Cites ‘Security Reasons.’
  • Lambert, D. (2018, July 13). Australia’s Position on Palestine – incongruence and internal division. Australian Institute of International Affairs.
  • Macintyre, D. (2019, December 28). By 2020, the UN said Gaza would be unliveable. Did it turn out that way? The Guardian.
  • Mason, B. (2016, July 13). The Survivor’s Guide to Gaza [Video recording]. SBS Dateline.
  • Minority Rights Group. (2018, September). Bedouin in Israel. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
  • Minority Rights Group. (2020a, May). Palestinians in Israel. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
  • Minority Rights Group. (2020b, June). Palestinians in Jordan. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
  • Mitchell, S. C. (2017). The Function of Religion in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict [Master’s thesis, Portland State University]. PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses (Paper 3939).
  • Musawah. (2018). Thematic Report on Muslim Family Law and Muslim Women’s Rights in Palestine (70th CEDAW Session). CEDAW Committe.
  • Nasrallah, I. (2008). Palestinian Culture before the Nakba. Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture, 12(1/2), 206–209.
  • Nir, O., & Wainwright, J. (Eds.). (2019). Rethinking Israel and Palestine: Marxist Perspectives (1st ed.). Routledge.
  • Noel, M., & Tassano, B. (2022). Israeli practices and settlement activities affecting the rights of the Palestinian people and other Arabs of the occupied territories (Committee Report A/77/400; Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee)). United Nations General Assembly.
  • Notzon, B., & Nesom, G. (2005). The Arabic Naming System. Science Editor, 28(1), 20–21.
  • Office of the European Union Representative (West Bank and Gaza Strip, UNRWA). (2019). Six-Month Report on Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, (reporting period January-June 2019) [Periodical Report]. European Union.
  • Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2023). The human rights situation in the occupied West Bank including East Jerusalem 7 October—20 November 2023 [Flash Report]. United Nations Human Rights.
  • Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. (2018a). Median Age at First Marriage in Palestine by Sex and Governorate—2018 [Data set].
  • Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. (2018b). Poverty Profile in Palestine, 2017 [Report].
  • Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. (2018c). Registered Marriages Cases in Palestine by Age of Groom and Bride—2018 [Data set].
  • Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. (2020a). Palestine in Figures 2019 [Report]. State of Palestine.
  • Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. (2020b, July 9). About 13.5 Million Palestinians in the Historical Palestine and Diaspora.
  • Peace Now. (2019, October 2). New 2018 Population Data for Israelis in the West Bank.
  • Peace Now. (2025). Population [Data set].
  • Perliger, A. (2019). Terrorism and Religion: Palestine. In A. Perliger, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University Press.
  • Peteet, J. (2007). Problematizing a Palestinian Diaspora. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 39(4), 627–646.
  • ProQuest. (2017). West Bank and Gaza. ProQuest & Brigham Young University.
  • Ralston, W. (2019, September 17). The rise of Palestinian pop. BBC.
  • Ratcliffe, R. (2018, October 26). Women in Palestine face violence and political exclusion, campaigner tells UN. The Guardian.
  • Richter-Devroe, S. (2011). Gender Equality and Women’s Rights in Palestinian Territories [Report]. European Parliament, Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality.
  • Rivermate. (2025, November 28). Palestine: Cultural Considerations in Business.
  • Robinson, G. E. (2008). Palestinian Tribes, Clans, and Notable Families. Strategic Insights, 7(4). Calhoun.
  • Sagy, S., Orr, E., Bar-on, D., & Awwad, E. (2001). Individualism and Collectivism in Two Conflicted Societies: Comparing Israeli-Jewish and Palestinian-Arab High School Students. Youth & Society, 33(1), 3–30.
  • Sahgal, N., & Cooperman, A. (2016). Israel’s Religiously Divided Society [Report]. Pew Research Center.
  • Sawe, B. E. (2019, March 19). Religious Beliefs In Palestine.
  • Schulz, H. L. (2005). The Palestinian Diaspora (1st ed.). Routledge.
  • Shehabi, O. Y., Husseini, S., Matar, H., & Borden, E. (Eds.) (with Boulet, J., D’Ambrosio, D., al-Mouallimi, L., Pino, J., Roosbroeck, H. van, & Udelsman, A.). (2016). Religious Freedom in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Selected Issues): A Report to the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. Palestine Works.
  • Shemesh, M. (2018). The Palestinian National Revival: In the Shadow of the Leadership Crisis, 1937–1967. Indiana University Press.
  • Shiblak, A. (2006, August). Stateless Palestinians. Forced Migration Review, (26), 8–9.
  • Taheri, A. (2015, November 17). The Core Beliefs behind Palestinian Public Opinion. Tikvah Ideas.
  • Tahhan, Z. A. (2017, October 12). Hamas vs Fatah: Same goal, different approaches. Al Jazeera.
  • Tahhan, Z. A. (2018, November 2). More than a century on: The Balfour Declaration explained. Al Jazeera.
  • The National News. (2018, May 24). Life behind the wall: A look at Palestinians struggle for survival [Video recording].
  • Toameh, K. A. (2018, March 28). Palestinian census: 4.7 million in West Bank and Gaza Strip. The Times of Israel.
  • UN Country Team in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. (2017). Gaza Ten Years Later [Report]. United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process.
  • UN OCHA. (2018, September). Over 700 road obstacles control Palestinian movement within the West Bank. Occupied Palestinian Territory Humanitarian Bulletin, 11–15.
  • UN OCHA. (2026, January 21). Data on demolition and displacement in the West Bank. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Occupied Palestinian Territory.
  • UNHCR. (2024). Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2023 [Report]. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
  • United Nations Secretariat Division for Palestinian Rights. (1978). Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem: 1917-1947 (Part I) [Committee Report]. United Nations.
  • UNRWA. (n.d.). Palestine refugees. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from
  • UNRWA. (2019, May 13). More than one million people in Gaza – half of the population of the territory – may not have enough food by June. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.
  • UNRWA. (2023a). Annual Operational Report 2022. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.
  • UNRWA. (2023b, August). Gaza Strip. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.
  • UNRWA. (2024a). Annual Operational Report 2023.
  • UNRWA. (2024b). UNRWA in Action [Fact sheet].
  • van Waas, L., Chickera, A. de, & Albarazi, Z. (2014, December 15). The World’s Stateless: A new report on why size does and doesn’t matter. European Network on Statelessness.
  • VICE News. (2015, February 28). Fallout in Gaza: Six Months On [Video]. YouTube.
  • Weishut, D. J. N. (2012). My Friend is a Palestinian Bedouin: Challenges and Opportunities in Intercultural Friendship [Doctoral dissertation, Professional School of Psychology].
  • Weishut, D. J. N. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities. In Intercultural Friendship: The Case of a Palestinian Bedouin and a Dutch Israeli Jew (pp. 211–242). Brill.
  • West Bank Field Monitoring and Evaluation Office. (2024). UNRWA West Bank Field Atlas 2023 [Report]. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.
  • Williams, J. (2016, December 31). The growth of Israeli settlements, explained in 5 charts. Vox.
  • World Bank Group. (2020). Doing Business 2020: Economy Profile of West Bank and Gaza [Report]. World Bank Group.
  • World Bank Group. (2023, May 11). The World Bank In West Bank and Gaza.
  • World Food Programme. (2019). WFP Palestine Country Brief [Fact sheet].

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