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Religion has played a significant role in social and political life throughout the history of Papua New Guinea’s rich and diverse ethno-linguistic communities. The constitution of Papua New Guinea protects freedom of religion and the right to freely practice religion.¹ While the vast majority of the population identifies as Christian (95.6%, as of 2011),² Papua New Guinea is home to diverse Christian communities, historically due to the different missionary activities that took place in the region. Among those who identify as Christian, 26% identify as Roman Catholic, 18.4% as Evangelical Lutheran, 12.9% as Seventh Day Adventist, 10.4% as Pentecostal, 10.3% as United Church, 5.9% as Evangelical Alliance, 3.2% as Anglican, 2.8% as Baptist, 0.4% as Salvation Army and a further 5.3% with other Christian denominations.² Of the remaining population, 1.4% identify as non-Christian and 3.1% did not specify a religious affiliation.

Christianity in Papua New Guinea

Christianity gained popularity in Papua New Guinea during the interactions with European missionaries in the late 19th century. Today, the vast majority of Papua New Guineans identify with some denomination of Christianity. The older generation are typically more stringent in their practices of Christianity, while younger generations are generally more relaxed about their devotional practices yet still hold the beliefs. However, many youth are expected to follow Christian practices and beliefs, with some having less freedom of religious choice than others.

The introduction of Christianity into Papua New Guinean society created tensions, given the pre-established indigenous tradition. A contemporary example is the way in which women are increasingly refusing to be subjected to a bride price (see MarriageÌý¾±²Ô Family). Given the dynamics between indigenous traditions and Christian beliefs and practices, there are constant attempts by people to blend and reconcile the two.

Indigenous Traditions

In light of the variety of indigenous groups in Papua New Guinea, most have their own cosmological explanations, each with differing beliefs and practices. The common perception for followers of indigenous traditions is that ritual practice is necessary for someone’s spiritual and physical well-being. For those communities where indigenous traditions continue to flourish, mediums and religious practitioners also play an important role. Mediums may be called on in various instances to help the spirit of a person, such as when someone is near death or has suddenly died, when someone is ill, or when a child is misbehaving. However, while these beliefs and practices are still prevalent, most are contained within their locale. This is owing to the widespread following of Christianity throughout the country.