Introduction
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Hinduism is incredibly diverse, encompassing many traditions. Part of this diversity results from the fact that Hinduism has no single founder, no founding date, no of religious leaders, no standard set of practices and no single religious book or collection of texts as its basis. Given this, some people within and outside the tradition suggest that the word ‘Hinduism' is an umbrella term applied to various religious, ritual and philosophical traditions. Meanwhile, some who identify as Hindu reject the term ‘Hinduism' in favour of the phrase ‘Sanātana Dharma’ (‘Eternal Teaching’). Others see the religion as an evolving tradition according to social, cultural and political factors, or simply a way of life.
Nonetheless, there are a number of commonalities that help create a sense of unity among Hindu traditions. For example, many Hindu traditions refer to the ancient and sacred texts known as the Vedas. Many Hindus also believe in a transcendental and ultimate god or soul (known as ‘brahman’) who is within all living beings and can be approached in various ways. Finally, devotion to deities, usually mediated through icons and holy persons, help provide refuge in times of need and, in some cases, liberation from the cycle of rebirth (ṃs).