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The primary author of this profile was Chara Scroope (2017), with the ‘Naming’ section updated by Nina Evason (2022) and the ‘Samoans in Australia’ section updated by Chara Scroope (2025).

• Aalto, D. (2015, December 23). Names Under the Dome: A Peek into Samoan Culture. Namepedia - The Name Database Blog.
• Aganu’u. (2010). Matai: A Complicated System of Chiefs. Anavatua.
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021a). 4-digit level ANCP Ancestry Multi Response by Australia (UR) (2021 Census of Population and Housing) [Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021b). People in Australia who were born in Samoa [Data set]. 2021 Census Country of Birth QuickStats.
• Australian Trade and Investment Commission. (2024). Doing business in The Pacific. Market Explorer Tool.
• Bennett, S. N., Dearing, C. M., & Lesa, S. L. S. (2017). Western Samoan Culture [Online Textbook]. Polynesian Culture.
• Central Intelligence Agency. (2024, October 28). Samoa. The World Factbook.
• Cultural Advisory Unit. (2010). Samoa—Quick Reference Guide [Information sheet]. Queensland Police Service.
• Culture Crossing Guide. (2017). Samoa. Culture Crossing Guide.
• Department of Employment and Workplace Relations. (2024). Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) Scheme Data (Data Summary September quarter 2024). Australian Government.
• Department of Home Affairs. (2018). Samoa-born Community Information Summary (Census of Population and Housing 2016, Country Data Summary). Commonwealth of Australia.
• Dromard, S., & Faagutu, N. (Mele). (2006). Samoan Culture Profile (Community Partners Program) [Information sheet]. Diversicare.
• FamilySearch. (2020, May 6). Learn the History and Customs of Your Culture. FamilySearch Wiki.
• Foster, S. (2024). Samoa. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
• Galliot, S. (2015). Ritual efficacy in the making. Journal of Material Culture, 20(2), 101–125.
• Gibbons, G. (2010, December 1). What Is Samoa? Fa’a Samoa -The Samoan Way.
• Huffer, E., & So’o, A. (2005). Beyond Governance in Samoa: Understanding Samoan Political Thought. The Contemporary Pacific, 17(2), 311–333.
• Khalidi, S. (with ACT Office of Multicultural, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs). (2012). The Cultural Dictionary and Directory of People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds (F. McIlroy & H. Neumayer, Eds.; 3rd ed.). Migrant and Refugee Settlement Services of the ACT Inc.
• Lee, H., & Francis, S. T. (Eds.). (2009). Migration and Transnationalism: Pacific Perspectives. ANU Press.
• Macpherson, C. (2001). Samoa. In M. Ember & C. R. Ember (Eds.), Countries and Their Cultures: Saint Kitts and Nevis to Zimbabwe (Vol. 4, pp. 1907–1912). Macmillan Reference USA; Advameg.
• Mayer, D., Dromard, S., & Faagutu, N. M. (2006). Samoan Cultural Profile (Community Partners Program) [Information Booklet]. Diversicare.
• Metro South Health. (2015, March). Food and Cultural Practices of the Samoan Community in Australia—A Community Resource. Queensland Government.
• Museums Victoria. (2017). Immigration History from Samoa to Victoria. Origins.
• Ofahengaue Vakalahi, H. F., & Godinet, M. T. (2008). Family and Culture, and the Samoan Youth. Journal of Family Social Work, 11(3), 229–253.
• Pasefika. (2024). ³§Äå³¾´Ç²¹n Matai. Pasefika.
• ProQuest. (2017). Independent State of Samoa. ProQuest & Brigham Young University.
• Reeson, M. (2013). Pacific Missionary George Brown 1835–1917. ANU Press.
• Robbins, J. (2006). Pacific Islands Religious Communities. In M. Juergensmeyer (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions (pp. 587–594). Oxford University Press.
• Safari the Globe. (2014, March). ³§Äå³¾´Ç²¹. Safari the Globe - Cultural Information.
• Shankman, P. (2018). Samoan journeys: Migration, remittances, and traditional gift exchange. In J. Connell & H. Lee (Eds.), Change and Continuity in the Pacific: Revisiting the Region (pp. 88–101). Routledge.
• Siikala, J. (Ed.). (2021). Culture and History in the Pacific (2nd ed.). Helsinki University Press.
• Steven. (2015, March 12). 30 Pictures of Samoan Tattoos. Cuded: Design and Inspiration.
• Thornton, A., Kerslake, M. T., & Binns, T. (2010). Alienation and obligation: Religion and social change in Samoa. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 51(1), 1–16.
• Transparency International. (2024). Corruption Perceptions Index 2023 (Annual CPI Report).