Other Considerations
Author
Nina Evason,
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- The word “Somali” is used to refer to something of, from or related to the country of Somalia, as well as the majority ethnic group and language. Do not use the word “Somalian” to describe the country or people, as this is an inaccurate demonym invented by the West.
- Somalis are not ‘Arab’ or ‘Middle Eastern’. They follow similar Islamic practices and customs to other majority Muslim countries. However, they are not located in the Middle East and are ethnically Somali, not Arab.
- Be aware that the northern region of Somaliland is self-declared as an independent breakaway republic. Its bid for independence is not recognised by the international community. There may be some sensitivities regarding this topic.
- Somalis may talk about one another’s physical appearances in quite an honest and frank way. For example, they may openly discuss how their ethnic group has different hereditary features from other African tribes, or make mention when someone is skinny or overweight.
- It is common for men to chew ‘’ in Somalia. This is a leafy green plant that is a mild stimulant. However, khat is illegal for personal use in many Western countries. It is also considered socially inappropriate for women to chew khat in Somalia.
- Homosexual activity is illegal in Somalia, and same-sex relationships are highly stigmatized. In territories controlled by the jihadist terrorist organisation Al-Shabaab, homosexuality may be punishable by death. While it is common for Somali men to walk hand in hand as a sign of friendship, it would be unwise for Western men to attempt the same.
- Female circumcision, also known as Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), is a widespread practice in Somalia. It is estimated that almost all women and girls have undergone the procedure (99% of women aged 15-49).1 The practice is widely believed to be a religious requirement in Somalia, and some may consider it a prerequisite for marriage. However, attitudes towards circumcision vary significantly among the Somali diaspora and those with higher education. However, Somali migrant women and girls are less likely to undergo the surgery while living overseas. Overall, it is important to be extremely sensitive in addressing this topic should it arise.2
- Some Somalis may speak English, Italian, Arabic or Swahili in addition to the Somali language.3
- One of the first (or only) cultural references foreigners may know about Somalis is that they have a problem with “pirates”. However, media reporting on this topic is often exaggerated and has distracted from the original issue of illegal international fishing in Somali waters. Be aware that negative stereotypes of Somalis as criminals can have far-reaching impacts.